Как создать рекомендации с инкрементной системой рекомендаций SVD

Способ производства рекомендуемых фильмов:

1. Возьмите список фильмов, которые не были просмотрены
2. Умножьте их вектор признаков на вектор признаков пользователя.
3. Отсортируйте по убыванию результата и выберите лучшие фильмы.

Для теории: представьте, что есть только два измерения (комедия и драма). Если я люблю комедии, но ненавижу драмы, мой вектор признаков — [1.0, 0.0]. Если вы сравните меня со следующими фильмами:

Comedy:  [1.0, 0.0] x [1.0, 0.0] = 1
Dramedy: [0.5, 0.5] x [1.0, 0.0] = 0.5
Drama:   [0.0, 1.0] x [1.0, 0,0] = 0 

Вот простой код Python, основанный на коде Yelp Netflix. Если вы установите Numba, он будет работать на скорости C.

Data_loader.py

import os
import numpy as np
from scipy import sparse

class DataLoader:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def create_review_matrix(file_path):
        data = np.array([[int(tok) for tok in line.split('\t')[:3]]
                         for line in open(file_path)])

        ij = data[:, :2]
        ij -= 1
        values = data[:, 2]
        review_matrix = sparse.csc_matrix((values, ij.T)).astype(float)
        return review_matrix

movielens_file_path = '%s/Downloads/ml-100k/u1.base' % os.environ['HOME']

my_reviews = DataLoader.create_review_matrix(movielens_file_path)

user_reviews = my_reviews[8]
user_reviews = user_reviews.toarray().ravel()
user_rated_movies,  = np.where(user_reviews > 0)
user_ratings = user_reviews[user_rated_movies]

movie_reviews = my_reviews[:, 201]
movie_reviews = movie_reviews.toarray().ravel()
movie_rated_users,  = np.where(movie_reviews > 0)
movie_ratings = movie_reviews[movie_rated_users]

user_pseudo_average_ratings = {}
user_pseudo_average_ratings[8] = np.mean(user_ratings)
user_pseudo_average_ratings[9] = np.mean(user_ratings)
user_pseudo_average_ratings[10] = np.mean(user_ratings)
users, movies = my_reviews.nonzero()

users_matrix = np.empty((3, 3))
users_matrix[:] = 0.1

movies_matrix = np.empty((3, 3))
movies_matrix[:] = 0.1

result = users_matrix[0] * movies_matrix[0]
otro = movies_matrix[:, 2]
otro[2] = 8

Фанк.ру

# Requires Movielens 100k data 
import numpy as np, time, sys
from data_loader import DataLoader
from numba import jit
import os

def get_user_ratings(user_id, review_matrix):
    """
    Returns a numpy array with the ratings that user_id has made

    :rtype : numpy array
    :param user_id: the id of the user
    :return: a numpy array with the ratings that user_id has made
    """
    user_reviews = review_matrix[user_id]
    user_reviews = user_reviews.toarray().ravel()
    user_rated_movies, = np.where(user_reviews > 0)
    user_ratings = user_reviews[user_rated_movies]
    return user_ratings

def get_movie_ratings(movie_id, review_matrix):
    """
    Returns a numpy array with the ratings that movie_id has received

    :rtype : numpy array
    :param movie_id: the id of the movie
    :return: a numpy array with the ratings that movie_id has received
    """
    movie_reviews = review_matrix[:, movie_id]
    movie_reviews = movie_reviews.toarray().ravel()
    movie_rated_users, = np.where(movie_reviews > 0)
    movie_ratings = movie_reviews[movie_rated_users]
    return movie_ratings

def create_user_feature_matrix(review_matrix, NUM_FEATURES, FEATURE_INIT_VALUE):
    """
    Creates a user feature matrix of size NUM_FEATURES X NUM_USERS
    with all cells initialized to FEATURE_INIT_VALUE

    :rtype : numpy matrix
    :return: a matrix of size NUM_FEATURES X NUM_USERS
    with all cells initialized to FEATURE_INIT_VALUE
    """
    num_users = review_matrix.shape[0]
    user_feature_matrix = np.empty((NUM_FEATURES, num_users))
    user_feature_matrix[:] = FEATURE_INIT_VALUE
    return user_feature_matrix

def create_movie_feature_matrix(review_matrix, NUM_FEATURES, FEATURE_INIT_VALUE):
    """
    Creates a user feature matrix of size NUM_FEATURES X NUM_MOVIES
    with all cells initialized to FEATURE_INIT_VALUE

    :rtype : numpy matrix
    :return: a matrix of size NUM_FEATURES X NUM_MOVIES
    with all cells initialized to FEATURE_INIT_VALUE
    """
    num_movies = review_matrix.shape[1]
    movie_feature_matrix = np.empty((NUM_FEATURES, num_movies))
    movie_feature_matrix[:] = FEATURE_INIT_VALUE
    return movie_feature_matrix

@jit(nopython=True)
def predict_rating(user_id, movie_id, user_feature_matrix, movie_feature_matrix):
    """
    Makes a prediction of the rating that user_id will give to movie_id if
    he/she sees it

    :rtype : float
    :param user_id: the id of the user
    :param movie_id: the id of the movie
    :return: a float in the range [1, 5] with the predicted rating for
    movie_id by user_id
    """
    rating = 1.
    for f in range(user_feature_matrix.shape[0]):
        rating += user_feature_matrix[f, user_id] * movie_feature_matrix[f, movie_id]

    # We trim the ratings in case they go above or below the stars range
    if rating > 5: rating = 5
    elif rating < 1: rating = 1
    return rating

@jit(nopython=True)
def sgd_inner(feature, A_row, A_col, A_data, user_feature_matrix, movie_feature_matrix, NUM_FEATURES):
    K = 0.015
    LEARNING_RATE = 0.001
    squared_error = 0
    for k in range(len(A_data)):
        user_id = A_row[k]
        movie_id = A_col[k]
        rating = A_data[k]
        p = predict_rating(user_id, movie_id, user_feature_matrix, movie_feature_matrix)
        err = rating - p

        squared_error += err ** 2

        user_feature_value = user_feature_matrix[feature, user_id]
        movie_feature_value = movie_feature_matrix[feature, movie_id]
        #for j in range(NUM_FEATURES):
        user_feature_matrix[feature, user_id] += \
            LEARNING_RATE * (err * movie_feature_value - K * user_feature_value)
        movie_feature_matrix[feature, movie_id] += \
            LEARNING_RATE * (err * user_feature_value - K * movie_feature_value)

    return squared_error

def calculate_features(A_row, A_col, A_data, user_feature_matrix, movie_feature_matrix, NUM_FEATURES):
    """
    Iterates through all the ratings in search for the best features that
    minimize the error between the predictions and the real ratings.
    This is the main function in Simon Funk SVD algorithm

    :rtype : void
    """
    MIN_IMPROVEMENT = 0.0001
    MIN_ITERATIONS = 100
    rmse = 0
    last_rmse = 0
    print len(A_data)
    num_ratings = len(A_data)
    for feature in xrange(NUM_FEATURES):
        iter = 0
        while (iter < MIN_ITERATIONS) or  (rmse < last_rmse - MIN_IMPROVEMENT):
            last_rmse = rmse
            squared_error = sgd_inner(feature, A_row, A_col, A_data, user_feature_matrix, movie_feature_matrix, NUM_FEATURES)
            rmse = (squared_error / num_ratings) ** 0.5
            iter += 1
        print ('Squared error = %f' % squared_error)
        print ('RMSE = %f' % rmse)
        print ('Feature = %d' % feature)
    return last_rmse


LAMBDA = 0.02
FEATURE_INIT_VALUE = 0.1
NUM_FEATURES = 20

movielens_file_path = '%s/Downloads/ml-100k/u1.base' % os.environ['HOME']

A = DataLoader.create_review_matrix(movielens_file_path)
from scipy.io import mmread, mmwrite
mmwrite('./data/A', A)

user_feature_matrix = create_user_feature_matrix(A, NUM_FEATURES, FEATURE_INIT_VALUE)
movie_feature_matrix = create_movie_feature_matrix(A, NUM_FEATURES, FEATURE_INIT_VALUE)

users, movies = A.nonzero()
A = A.tocoo()

rmse = calculate_features(A.row, A.col, A.data, user_feature_matrix, movie_feature_matrix, NUM_FEATURES )
print 'rmse', rmse

Я думаю, что это большой вопрос, поскольку существует множество подходов к рекомендациям, которые, как мне кажется, можно назвать «инкрементным SVD». Чтобы ответить на ваш конкретный вопрос: kNN запускается в пространстве проецируемых элементов, а не в исходном пространстве, поэтому должно быть довольно быстро.

Предположим, у вас есть n пользователей и m элементов. После инкрементного SVD у вас есть k обученных функций. Чтобы получить новые элементы для данного пользователя, умножьте вектор признаков пользователя 1xk и матрицу признаков элемента kxm вместе. Вы получаете m оценок для каждого элемента для этого пользователя. Затем просто отсортируйте их, удалите те, которые они уже видели, и покажите некоторое количество новых.